Directing is
- Telling people what to do
- Feeling that they do it to the
- Best of there ability
Directing means industry guiding supervising motivating and leading the
subordinate so that their effort to results in achievement of organisational
goal
Features
- Follows from top to bottom
- Every level
- Initiate action
- Performance oriented
- Continuous process
- Human element
Importance
- To integrate employees effort
- Balance in organisation
- Means of motivation
- To facilitate change
- To initiative action
Element of directing
- Supervision
- Communication
- Leadership
- Motivation
1) supervision
It refer to monitor the progress of routine work of one's subordinate
and guiding them properly.
2) communication
It refers to an art of transferring fact ideas feeling etc. From one person to
another and making to understand them .
3) leadership
It refers to influenceing other in a manner to do what the leader wants them
to do .
4) motivation
It refers to that process which exicits people to work for ataiment of the
desired objective.
Motivation: financial and known financial incentives
Motivation is desert from the word motive which means that latent power in the
person which employs him to do a work
Features
- Motivation is an internal feeling
- Motivation produced goals directing behaviour
- Motivation can be either positive or negative
- Motivation is a complex process
Maslow need hierarchy theory
It refers to dad you reign of motivation which is based on a hierarchy of five
human needs
-
Psychological need:-in this category those need are included which need to be satisfied
to keep a man alive these include food shelter clothing and slip etc.
-
Safety and security needs:-
- Physical safety:- defence against accidents attacks disease and other unexpected problem
- Economic safety:- main safety of livelihood and arrestment for old age
3) affiliation or social need:-it refers to the need for affection sense of belongingness acceptance and friendship
4) esteem need:- it refers to the need for respect autonomy status recognization and
attention
5) self actualization need:- self actualization refers to the desire to maximum whatever potential
individual possesse
Assumptions
- People behaviour being affected by their need
- There are many needs of people and their order to pay it can be made
- Motivation and with the satisfaction of need after that the next higher need server as motivator
- People move to next higher need only when the lower level need are satisfied
Criticism
- maslow hierarchy of needs is not permanent this change according to the situation
- It is not necessary that the needs of only one category to be strong at a time and the remaining remains an unimpast
Financial/monetary and non financial/non monetary incentives
Both at the same patterns and it is essential to implement the both
simultaneously
A) financial or monetary incentive
Financial centre were helpful to satisfy surgical logical and safety needs
- Pay and allowance
- Productivity linked wage incentive
- Bonus
- Profit sharing
- Co-partnership aur stock options
- Retirement benefits
- Perquisites
B) non financial and non monetary incentive
This incentive help in the satisfaction of top hierarchy needs like social
esteem and self actualization
- Status
- Organisational climate
- Career advancement opportunity
- Job enrichment
- Employees recognization program
- Job security
- Employee participation
- Employee empowerment
Difference between monetary incentive and non monetary incentive
Leadership concept and style
it refers to influencing other in such a manner to do what the leader was time
to do
Features
- Influencing process
- Behaviour changing process
- Interpersonal relations between leaders and followers
- Achievers common goal
- Continuous process
Leadership style
1) autocratic leadership style (leader - centred style)
It refers to that is if style in which the leader tends to run the show all by
himself
Features
- Centralised authority
- Single man decision
- Wrong beliefs regarding employees
- Only downwards communication
Advantages
- Quick and clean decisions
- Satisfactory work
- Necessary for less educated employees
Disadvantages
- Lack of motivation
- Agitation by employees
- Possibility of partialit
Suitability
- When the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group
- When there is little time for decision making
- When subordinates are uneducated
- When subordinate are an experienced
2)
democratic leadership style (group Central leadership style )
it refers to leadership style in which the leader consult with his subordinate
before making and financial decisions
Features
- Cooperative relation
- Belief in employees
- Open communication
Advantages
- High moral
- Creation of more efficiency and productivity
- Availability of substation time for constructive work
Disadvantages
- Requirement of educated subordinate
- Delay in decision
- Lack of responsibility in managers
Suitability
- When group member are skilled and to show their knowledge
- When potentially of time is available for decision making
- When leader was to improve the subordinate in decision making
- When roles are cleaned
3) laissez - faire or free - rein leadership style
it refers to that leadership style in which the leader gives his subordinates
completely freedom to make decisions
Features
- Full faith in subordinate
- Independent decision making system
- Decentralization of authority
- Self-directed supervisory and c
Advantages
- Development of self confidence in subordinate
- High level motivation
- Helpful in deployment and extension of enterprise
Disadvantages
- Difficulty in corporation
- Lack of importance of managerial
- The table only for higher education employee
Suitability
- When followers are highly skilled experienced and educated
- When followers have pride in their work and they try it successful on their own
- Outside experts staff specialist or consultants are being used
- Followers on trustworthiness
Communication concept types and barrier
it refers to an out of transferring checked ideas feeling septa from one
person to another and making him understand them
Features
- Two or more person
- Exchange of Idea
- Mutual understanding
- Direct and indirect communication
- Continuous process
- Use of word as well as symbol
Communication process
- Sender
- Message
- Encoding
- Media
- Receiver
- Recording
- Feedback
Types of communication
A) formal communication
it refers to the communication within an organisation that is officially
sanctioned
Features
- Written and oral
- Formal realtion
- Prescribed path
- Organisational message
- Deliberate effort
B) informal communication
It refers to the communication within the an organisation that is not
officially sanctioned
Features
- Formation through social and relation
- Two types of information
- Un certain path
- Possibility of humour and disturbed
- Quick relay
Barriers of effective communication
1) semantic barriers
It refers to those barrier which are concerned with problems and objections in
the process of encoding and decoding of message into words or impression
- Badly exposed message
- Symbol aur words with different meaning
- Fault translation
- Unclarified assumption
- Technical jargon
- Body language and gesture recording
2) psychological aur emotion barriers
it refers to those barrier which are concerned with the state of mind of both
the sender and the receiver
- Premature evolution
- Lack of attention
- Status
- Disturbs
3)Organisational barriers
it refers to those barrier which are related to organisational structure
authority relationship rules and regulation
- Organisational policy.
- Rules and regulation
- Loss by transmission and poor retention
- Complexity in organisational structure
- National facilities
4) personal barriers
there are some barrier which are directed connected with the sender and the
receiver
A) barrier related to supervisor
- Fear of challenge of authority
- Lack of confidence in subordinate
B) barriers related to subordinates
- Unwillingness of communicate
- Lack of proper incentive
Measure to overcome the barrier of communication
- Communicate according to the need of the receiver
- Clarify ideas before communication
- Be aware of language tone and content of message
- Communication for the present as well as the future
- Ensure proper feedback
- Be a good listener
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