NETWORK PROTOCOL

• What is the meaning of Protocol?



Answer: Protocol are the set of rules, which are used in digital communication to connect network devices and exchange information between them.

TYPES OF PROTOCOL

(A) TCP/IP
TCP stand for- Transimission Control Protocol
IP stand for- Internet Protocol

Tcp is used to transfer the data over the internet, it divides the data into small packets and send it to the destination through the network. While IP is used for addressing through which data reaches, the final destination.

APPLICATION LAYER

TRANSPORT LAYER

INTERNET LAYER

NETWORK ACCESS LAYER

TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP model is divided into four layers:
1. Application layer:

It provides application with standardized data exchange. Protocol include: HTTP, FTP ,POP, SMTP

1. HTTP: HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol it is an application protocol that is used in the address bar of the of the web browser bafore WWW. whenever we search anything in the address bar of browser so it brings, that website in front of us.
2. FTP: FTP stands for file transfer protocol. it is used to transfer the file from server to client machine and vice-versa. it useds the TCP/IP protocol to enable data transfer.
3. SMTP: SMTP stands for"simple mail transfer protocol . it is used to send and receive the emails in the networkk. There are two more protocol uses with SMTP (POP&IMAP),all thee protocols work with the help of TCP/IP.
   ->POP: POP stands for post office protocol it is mail box which is actually a message access protocol through which a user canfatch the email from the server. PoP protocol works upon TCP/IP protocol and helps the SMTP protocol from end to end communication.
   -> IMAP: IMAP Stands for internet mail access protocol it is also a mial box which is actually an improvement version of POP. By using IMAP the main advantages is we can retrive out deleted email from the server.
   

2. Transport Layer:It provides end-to-end communication between hosts and provide multiplexing, flow contorol and reliability. example-UDP -> UDP:UDP stands for user datagram protocol.IT is an unreliable and connection less protocol so, in order to send the data form one machine to another machine we did not eastablish any connection in compare to TCP/IP protocol. It is used to transfer the data in a short distance.
3. Network Layer: It is also known as Internet Layer. It deals with packets and connects indepenedent network boundaries. The networks layer protocols are the IP and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used fot error reporting. ->
4. Physical Layer:It consists protocols that operrate only on link. the network component that interconnects nodes or hosts in the network. The protocols in this layer include ethernet for Local Area Network (LAN's) and the Address Resolution Protocol(ARP).

Ask Question in Comments